Aspects of International Fragmentation
نویسنده
چکیده
This paper uses a specific-factors model incorporating two sectors, in order to explore the efficiency and distributional consequences of international disintegration of production. The economy faces a neighboring region where the wage rate is lower than obtaining in the domestic economy under integrated production, which gives rise to an incentive for outsourcing. Assuming that outsourcing is takes place in only one of the two sectors, we show that under perfect markets it gives rise to an “outsourcing surplus” which is analogous to the “immigration surplus”. However, in contrast to the case of immigration, the gain from outsourcing is the larger, the smaller the associated redistribution to the disadvantage of labor. However, if the activity which is lost to outsourcing involves a fixed input, then outsourcing may cause a welfare loss and the domestic wage rate may fall below the foreign level. The paper identifies conditions that lead to this outcome. The case is analyzed as a two-stage game where firms decide on the outsourcing strategy in stage one, and then behave competitively in their respective labor markets in stage two. (#): Address: Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Department of Economics, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 LINZ-AUHOF, Austria. Phone: 0043-732-2468-8239, FAX: — 8238, E-mail: [email protected], http://www.economics.uni-linz.ac.at/members/kohler/ This paper was presented at the conference “Adjusting to Globalization”, 28th to 29th June 2002, organized by the Leverhulme Centre for Research on Globalisation and Economic Policy (GEP), University of Nottingham. The work has been conducted under a research grant by the Austrian Science Fund under grant no. P14702, entitled "Public Finance, Unemployment and Growth", which is gratefully acknowledged. I am grateful to the Leverhulme Centre for its hospitality at the conference, and to Rod Falvey and Gabriel Felbermayr for helpful comments. Thanks are also due to the Economic Policy Research Unit (EPRU), Institute of Economics, University of Copenhagen, for kind hospitality and a stimulating environment during an earlier research visit. I am also grateful to the Centre for Economic and Business Research (CEBR) for hosting a presentation of earlier work related to this paper.
منابع مشابه
Effect of Culture System on Developmental Competence, Cryosurviva and DNA-Fragmentation of In Vitro Bovine Blastocysts
متن کامل
Evaluation of Protamine Deficiency and DNA Fragmentation in Two Globozoospermia Patients Undergoing ICSI
The aim of this report has been evaluating protamine content and DNA integrity of two patients with globozoospermia undergoing Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). Semen analysis was carried out according to WHO criteria. Protamine deficiency and DNA fragmentation was assessed using Chromomycin A3 and sperm chromatin dispersion assay respectively. ICSI and chemical activation were carried ...
متن کاملP-81: Evaluation of DNA Fragmentation in Patients with Total Globozoospermia
Background: Infertility is estimated to affect up to 15% of couples of reproductive age, and male factors contribute to 50% of these cases. Globozoospermia syndrome is a severe form of teratozoospermia, with an incidence of less than 0.1%. It is characterized by round sperm head. The most prominent feature of globozoospermia is the malformation of the acrosome, which is totally absent in the to...
متن کاملEffects of Sperm DNA Fragmentation on Semen Parameters and ICSI Outcome Determined by an Improved SCD Test, Halosperm
Background Sperm DNA fragmentation is known as an important cause of male infertility. The influence of sperm DNA damage on reproductive potential has been subject of many studies indicating various results and remaining the subject controversial. In this study, we investigated differences of the semen parameters and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcome according to sperm DNA fragmen...
متن کاملEffect of Land Fragmentation on Smallholders’ Productivity in Imo State, Nigeria
This study analyzed the determinants of the productivity of smallholder arable crop farmers with a particular focus on land fragmentation using the Simpson Index as measures of land fragmentation in Imo state of Nigeria. Data collected by using structured questionnaire and interview schedules were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics; Simpson index and regression analysis. Results showe...
متن کاملPrediction of fragmentation due to blasting using mutual information and rock engineering system; case study: Meydook copper mine
One of the key outcomes of blasting in mines is found to be rock fragmentation which profoundly affects downstream expenses. In fact, size prediction of rock fragmentation is the first leap towards the optimization of blasting design parameters. This paper makes an attempt to present a model to predict rock fragmentation using Mutual Information (MI) in Meydook copper mine. Ten parameters are c...
متن کامل